Introduction to the Diencephalon The diencephalon is a critical structure within the brain, situated between the cerebral hemispheres and the midbrain. Nestled deep in the brain’s core, the diencephalon serves as a vital relay center, orchestrating the flow of information between various parts of the brain. Its strategic location underscores its importance in the central…
ANATOMY [ DIFFERENT PARTS DIFFERENT RESPONSIBILITIES ( THE AMAZING BRAIN ) ] THE FRONTAL LOBE A portion of the frontal lobe of each hemisphere called the precentral gyrus controls the body’s movements. Oddly, each hemisphere moves the opposite side of the body, as if the brain’s wiring some-how became crossed. Hence, the movements of the…
ANATOMY [ DIFFERENT PARTS & DIFFERENT RESPONSIBILITIES ( THE AMAZING BRAIN ) ] FOUR DIVISIONS Moving inward, we come to the organ itself. The brain may appear to be a Ulllform mass of folded, pink tissue. But a closer look reveals different lobes, regions, structures, and parts that all help regulate body functions, interpret information…
ANATOMY [ DIFFERENT PARTS, DIFFERENT RESPONSIBILITIES ( THE AMAZING BRAIN ) ] THE FIRST STEP to a better understanding of the brain is getting acquainted with its parts. From the protective structures on the outside to the hardworking parts on the inside – knowing where each structure is and how it interacts with the world…
NERVE CELLS – LIFE SPAN [ THE AMAZING BRAIN ] Amazingly, the cells that perform the complicated ballet of electrochemical transmission can live more than a hundred years, but they do not get replaced like most other body cells. Except for the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb, where new neurons have been shown to grow…
NEURON COMMUNICATIONS/NEURON TRANSMITTERS [ NERVE CELLS ( THE AMAZING BRAIN ) ] NEURON COMMUNICATIONS Tim Berners-Lee, a creator of the World Wide Web, likens the brain’s complexity to the nearly infinite capacity for Web sites to connect to each other. “A piece of information is really defined only by what it’s related to,” he said….
NEURONS AT WORK [ CONNECTIONS / ACTION / GROWTH & SUPPORT / PLASTICITY ] Neurons serve different functions. Motor neurons carry impulses to activate glands and muscles. Sensory neurons send impulses from the skin and other body parts to the central nervous system. Interneurons, residing in the brain and spinal cord, integrate the signals and…
ANATOMY OF A NEURON [ NERVE CELLS ( THE AMAZING BRAIN ) ] Each neuron has a main cell body. Like all cells, the neuron contains a nucleus and an exterior mem-brane, which sometimes receives electrochemical messages from other neurons. Chains of neurons send messages from the body to the brain: “Here is pain, in…
NERVE CELLS – THE BRAIN’S WORKFORCE THE FUNDAMENTAL units of the brain, too small to see in Willis’s time, are two types of nerve cells. One type, the neuroglia (or glial-“glue”- cells), has the rather pedestrian task of supporting the nervous system. Neuroglia play a role in guiding neurons toward making connec- tions, promoting neuron…
BIRTH OF NEUROSCIENCE – THE AMAZING BRAIN Today’s scholars of the human brain and mind owe a great debt to Thomas Willis. Working in England in the middle of the 17th century, he meticulously observed and cataloged the anatomy of the human brain through dissection. Working in a medieval house at Oxford known as Beam…