What is Multiple Sclerosis? Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the immune system’s misguided attack on the myelin sheath, the protective covering that encases nerve fibers in the central nervous system (CNS). This process results in inflammation and subsequent damage to the myelin, which disrupts the efficient transmission of nerve impulses…
What Are Clavicles? The clavicles, commonly referred to as collarbones, are a pair of slender, S-shaped bones located at the base of the neck. They play a pivotal role in the human skeletal system, sitting horizontally between the sternum (breastbone) at the midline and the scapulae (shoulder blades) laterally. Each clavicle extends from the manubrium…
Understanding Congenital Conditions Congenital conditions, also referred to as congenital disorders, encompass a range of health issues present from birth. These conditions may arise from genetic abnormalities, environmental factors, or a combination of both, resulting in a diverse spectrum of manifestations that affect physical and mental development. Understanding congenital conditions is crucial in the field…
What is Sternum Cancer? Sternum cancer, a rare and distinct type of malignancy, falls under the broader classification of chest wall cancers. The sternum, also known as the breastbone, is a flat bone located in the central part of the thoracic cavity, serving as an essential component of the rib cage. It connects to the…
Understanding the Xiphoid Process Disorders The xiphoid process is a small, cartilaginous structure located at the inferior end of the sternum, or breastbone. Anatomically, it serves as an important landmark in the thoracic region, where it connects to the lower ribs via the costal cartilages. The xiphoid process typically varies in shape and size among…
Understanding Traumatic Sternal Bulge A traumatic sternal bulge is a noteworthy medical condition characterized by an abnormal protrusion of the sternum, which is often the result of traumatic injury. This condition is significant in the realm of thoracic injuries and can be indicative of underlying damage to the chest wall or mediastinum. The occurrence of…
What is Tietze Syndrome? Tietze Syndrome is defined as a benign inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum, specifically the costal cartilage. This condition is characterized by localized swelling, pain, and tenderness in the affected area, typically occurring in the upper part of the chest. While it may present symptoms similar…
What are Sternal Clefts? Sternal clefts, also referred to as sternal defects, are congenital malformations that arise from an incomplete fusion of the segments of the sternum, the bone located at the center of the chest. This failure of fusion occurs during embryonic development, and while the exact cause remains largely unknown, genetic factors may…
Understanding Sternal Dislocations Sternal dislocations are relatively rare injuries characterized by the displacement of the sternum, or breastbone, from its normal position. This injury predominantly occurs due to trauma, which can result from high-impact situations such as motor vehicle accidents, falls, or sports-related incidents. Understanding the nature of sternal dislocations is vital for healthcare professionals,…
What is Pectus Carinatum? Pectus carinatum, commonly referred to as “pigeon chest,” is a structural deformity that manifests through the protrusion of the sternum and adjacent ribs. This condition results in a prominent chest appearance, where the breastbone protrudes outward, often resembling the shape of a bird’s chest, hence the nickname. Pectus carinatum can affect…